Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Warsaw where in the same year she began to work as an academic. In 1981 she defended her doctoral thesis entitled: "Industry minister role in state economy management" and obtained her doctoral degree in law. In 1989, she became an expert for Sejm [Polish Parliament] and Senate within the scope of administrative, economic and banking law. In 1993, she got a title of assistant professor after the publication of her book entitled: "Central Bank - from planned to market economy".
From 6 March 1992 to 31 December 2000 she presided the National Bank of Poland (NBP), the central bank of Poland. While performing her function as NBP President she strengthened the independence of the central bank, and was responsible for restructuring the banking system and the zloty denomination.
In the years 2001-2005 she was Vice-President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. At present she is a professor at the University of Warsaw and Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University and Director of Administrative Law, Economic Law and Banking Law Institute.
From September 2005 she was a Member of Parliament in Sejm and Chairman of State Treasury Commission. Since June 2006 she has been performing a function of deputy president of Civic Platform party. She took part in many international conferences. She is an author of over 40 scientific publications including manuals and monographs.
On 26 November 2006 she was elected Mayor of the City of Warsaw.